Chifukwa chiyani TC4 Titanium Alloy Ndi Njira Yapamwamba Yopangira Zida Zamano?

Ngati mupanga zoyikapo mano kapena ma abutments, mumayang'anizana ndi chisankho chovuta: chomwe chimapereka mphamvu, chitetezo, ndi magwiridwe antchito anthawi yayitali omwe makasitomala amayembekezera. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi anayi, TC4 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) yakhala yankho kwa opanga mano otsogola padziko lonse lapansi.

Koma nchiyani chimapangitsa TC4 kukhala chisankho chapamwamba? Tiyeni tione zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri a mano ndi odwala omwe.

Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu ndi Kulemera: Momwe TC4 Imathandizira Mapangidwe Ochepa, Opepuka

Chilengedwe chapakamwa chimayika zofunikira zapadera pazigawo za implant. Ayenera kulimbana ndi kutafuna kwa mamiliyoni ambiri, kukana kupunduka, ndi kuchita zonsezi pamene akutenga malo ochepa mkamwa mwa wodwalayo.

Nambala Yofunika

TC4 imapereka mphamvu pafupifupi 70% kuposa titaniyamu yoyera yamalonda pafupifupi kulemera komweko. Ngakhale kuti CP titaniyamu (Giredi 4) imapereka mphamvu zolimba zozungulira 550 MPa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu pafupifupi 480 MPa, TC4 (Giredi 23) imapereka mphamvu zolimba mu 860 mpaka 950 MPa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu za 760 mpaka 830 MPa. Zida zonsezi zili ndi makulidwe ofanana-TC4 pa 4.43 g/cm³ ndi CP titaniyamu pa 4.51 g/cm³-kutanthauza kuti mwayi wa mphamvu ndi kulemera kwa TC4 ndi waukulu.

Izi zimatanthawuza mwachindunji ubwino wa mapangidwe a ma implants.

Ubwino Wachipatala Wa Mphamvu Zapamwamba

Makoma owonda kwambiri: Mphamvu zokolola zapamwamba za TC4 zimalola opanga kuchepetsa makulidwe a khoma popanda kuyika chiwopsezo chopindika kapena kusweka. Izi zimasunga malo obwezeretsa korona womaliza, makamaka wofunikira m'dera lokongola pomwe malo ali ochepa.

Ma implants aang'ono ang'onoang'ono: Ngati timizere tating'onoting'ono ta alveolar kapena pafupi mizu yoyandikana, ma implants ang'onoang'ono (3.0mm kapena kuchepera) amafunikira. Kulimba kwamphamvu kwa TC4 kumatsimikizira kuti ma implants ocheperawa amatha kupirira mphamvu zodziwikiratu.

Zomangira zazitali: Pakubwezeretsanso kokwanira kapena milatho yayitali, TC4 imapereka kusasunthika kofunikira kuti mupewe kusinthasintha komanso kumasula phula kapena kuthyoka kwa gawo.

Zothandiza Zotengera kwa Opanga

Ngati mukupanga ma abutments okhala ndi makulidwe a khoma pansi pa 0.5mm kapena ma implants ochepera 3.5mm m'mimba mwake, TC4 singosankha chabe-ndichofunikira. CP titaniyamu sichingapereke malire achitetezo omwewo pamapulogalamu ovutawa.

Kukaniza kwa Corrosion mu Chilengedwe Chapakamwa: Zomwe Zaka 40 Zachipatala Zikuwonetsa

Pakamwa pa munthu ndi malo ankhanza modabwitsa. Malovu ali ndi ma chloride, ma enzyme, ndi mabakiteriya. Miyezo ya pH imasinthasintha kuchoka ku ndale (7.0) kupita ku acidic kwambiri (pansi pa 5.5) mukatha kudya. Kutentha kumayenda pakati pa kutentha ndi kuzizira ndikumwa kulikonse kwa khofi kapena madzi oundana.

The Passive Oxide Layer

Onse a CP titaniyamu ndi TC4 amagawana njira yofananira yoteteza dzimbiri: kupangika kokhazikika kwa wosanjikiza wokhazikika, wodzichiritsa wa titanium dioxide (TiO₂). Mukakumana ndi okosijeni kapena madzi amthupi, wosanjikizawu umapanga mkati mwa ma milliseconds ndipo nthawi yomweyo amateteza chitsulo chomwe chili pansi. Ngati zikande, wosanjikiza umasintha nthawi yomweyo mu oxygen. Ndiwokhazikika pamakina, kukana ma chloride, ma acid, ndi ma enzymes, ndipo ndizomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe, kutanthauza kuti siziyambitsa mayankho otupa.

Zomwe Zaka 40 Zachipatala Zachipatala Zimawulula

Popeza TC4 idayambitsidwa koyamba pazamankhwala a mafupa ndi mano m'zaka za m'ma 1980, mazana a maphunziro azachipatala adawunika momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Chigwirizano chikuwonekera bwino: palibe kusiyana kwakukulu kwachipatala pakati pa CP titaniyamu ndi TC4 komwe kwasonyezedwa ponena za zolephera zokhudzana ndi dzimbiri.

Zida zonsezi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri pansi pa 0.001 mm pachaka m'madzi am'kamwa oyerekeza. Miyezo yotulutsidwa ndi ion, ikapezeka, imayesedwa m'magawo mabiliyoni aliwonse - pansi pa ziwopsezo zapoizoni. Palibe chilichonse chomwe chalumikizidwa ndi kusamvana kapena kawopsedwe kwa anthu ambiri odwala. Kafukufuku wopezanso ma implants a TC4 pambuyo pa zaka 10 mpaka 20 amawonetsa magawo osasunthika omwe amawonongeka pang'ono.

Funso la Vanadium

Ogula ena amadandaula za zomwe zili ndi vanadium (pafupifupi 4% mu TC4). Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndikutulutsidwa kwa vanadium ion ndi kuthekera kwa cytotoxicity. Komabe, wosanjikiza wa oxide wosanjikiza bwino amasindikiza vanadium mkati mwa alloy. Kafukufuku wa in vitro akuwonetsa kuti palibe zotsatira za cytotoxic kuchokera ku TC4 poyerekeza ndi CP titaniyamu. TC4 yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito motetezeka m'njira zopitilira 100 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo palibe kafukufuku wowunikira anzawo omwe adawonetsa kuvulazidwa kwachipatala ndi vanadium mu implants za Ti-6Al-4V.

Pansi Pansi pa Corrosion

Pazigawo zopangira mano, kukana kwa dzimbiri sichosiyanitsa pakati pa CP titaniyamu ndi TC4. Zida zonse ziwirizi zimapereka magwiridwe antchito kwazaka zambiri m'malo amkamwa. Sankhani malinga ndi zofunikira zamakina, osati kukhudzidwa kwa dzimbiri.

Kuchita kwa Osseointegration: Kodi Aloyi Amagwirizana ndi Titanium Yoyera?

Osseointegration - kulumikizana kwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito pakati pa fupa lamoyo ndi choyikapo pamwamba - ndiye maziko aukadaulo wamakono wa implant. Ngati choyikapo sichinaphatikizepo osseointegrate, chimalephera kuchipatala.

Funso Lovuta

Kodi kuwonjezera kwa aluminiyumu ndi vanadium kumasokoneza luso la TC4 lolumikizana ndi fupa poyerekeza ndi titaniyamu yoyera?

Zimene Ofufuza Anena

Zaka makumi angapo za kafukufuku woyerekeza watulutsa yankho lomveka bwino: TC4 imakwaniritsa osseointegration yofanana ndi titaniyamu yoyera yamalonda.

Pankhani ya kukhudzana kwa mafupa-to-implant percentage, onse a CP titaniyamu ndi TC4 amakwaniritsa magawo a 55% mpaka 70%, popanda kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zida ziwirizi. Ma torque ochotsa, omwe amayesa kukhazikika kwa makina opangira mafupa, amagwera mkati mwa 35 mpaka 50 Ncm pazinthu zonse ziwiri, kuwonetsanso kufanana. Kufufuza kwa histological pa masabata a 12 kumawonetsa fupa la lamellar lokhwima lozungulira ma implants a CP titaniyamu ndi TC4, kusonyeza machiritso ofanana ndi kukonzanso mafupa. Chofunika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwachipatala kwanthawi yayitali kutengera zomwe zatsatiridwa zaka 10 - zikuwonetsa kuti zida zonse ziwiri zimakwaniritsa kupulumuka kwa implants nthawi zonse pakati pa 95% ndi 97%.

Mapeto ake ndi omveka bwino: TC4 titanium alloy ndiyofanana kwathunthu ndi CP titaniyamu potengera magwiridwe antchito a osseointegration.

Chifukwa chiyani TC4 Osseo Integrates Mopambana

The oxide layer ndi chimene fupa limawona. Mafupa a mafupa (osteoblasts) amalumikizana ndi titaniyamu oxide pamwamba, osati chitsulo. Popeza kuti CP titaniyamu ndi TC4 zimapanga zigawo zofanana za TiO₂, kuyankhidwa kwachilengedwe sikudziwika.

Maonekedwe a pamwamba ndi omwe amayankha. Ma implants amakono amakwaniritsa osseointegration kudzera pakusintha kwapansi-mchenga, etching ya asidi, anodizing, kapena mankhwala a hydrophilic. Makhalidwe apamtundawa ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa kusiyana kobisika pakati pa magawo a CP ndi TC4.

Kutsimikizika kwachipatala ndikwambiri. TC4 yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyika mano kuyambira m'ma 1980, ndikukhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi kofanana ndi CP titaniyamu. Mitundu yayikulu yoyikapo yagwiritsa ntchito bwino TC4 polumikizira, machiritso, komanso zoyikapo m'mizere ina yazogulitsa.

Pamene CP Titanium Ikhoza Kukhala Ndi Ubwino

Pa choyikapo chokha (gawo loyikidwa mu fupa), asing'anga ena amakonda CP titaniyamu yokhazikika pang'ono, yomwe ingafanane bwino ndi makina amakina, mbiri yayitali yoyambira pomwe Brånemark adayika, komanso mwayi woyeretsa wopanda zinthu. Komabe, pamakina ndi ma implants omwe samalumikizana mwachindunji ndi fupa, mphamvu za TC4 zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokondedwa kwa opanga ambiri.

Mgwirizano Wotuluka

Pazoyika zoyika pamafupa, CP Grade 4 ndi TC4 zimagwira ntchito bwino, ngakhale CP titaniyamu ili ndi miyambo yayitali. Pazolumikizira pamlingo wa minofu, TC4 Grade 23 imakondedwa chifukwa mphamvu yake imathandizira mapangidwe a khoma lopyapyala. Pamachiritso a machiritso, CP Grade 2 nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso osafunikira mphamvu. Pa zomangira zomangira, TC4 Grade 23 ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa chokana kutopa. Potengera kusamutsa, CP Grade 2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ductility pakukhala.

TC4 titaniyamu alloy yapeza malo ake ngati chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazigawo zoyika mano pazaka zambiri zakutsimikizika kwachipatala. Mphamvu zake zapamwamba zimathandizira mapangidwe amakono, osasokoneza pang'ono. Kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumafanana ndi titaniyamu yoyera. Ntchito yake ya osseointegration ndi yofanana. Ndipo mbiri yake yachitetezo njosakayikira.

Kwa opanga mano omwe akupanga ma abutments, implants, ndi kukonzanso kwa CAD/CAM komwe kumafunikira mphamvu yayikulu komanso kudalirika, TC4 Giredi 23 (ASTM F136) si chisankho chabwino chabe - ndi muyezo wamakampani.

Xi'an Sino Titanium Metals Co., Ltd.. amapereka mbale zachipatala za titaniyamu aloyi ndi ma discs malinga ndi ASTM F136, oyenera kuyika zida zamano. Miyeso yokhazikika ilipo. Kampaniyo ili ndi zidaKalasi II Medical Chipangizo Certification, malipoti oyesa zinthu ndi kumaliza ziphaso zoyenera.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde lemberani gulu lathu lazogulitsa paLaura@ztmetal.com.